What is Dysmenorrhoea

DYSMENORRHOEA Meaning

Dysmenorrhoea refers to menstrual cramps. They are typically throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen, back and legs. These pains are usually apparent just before and during the menstrual periods in most women who suffer from dysmenorrhoea. The intensity and severity of the condition may range from annoying or a discomfort to more severe so that it interferes with everyday activities for a few days every month. While it may be seen in most women without any underlying pathology, there may be identifiable problems underneath which includes endometriosis or uterine fibroids. Treating any underlying cause would help in reducing the pain. Dysmenorrhoea tends to lessen with age and after childbirth.^1-4

In Ayurvedic classics, menstrual pain which is so severe that you cannot perform daily activities is termed as dysmenorrhoea (Kashtartava).⁵ According to Ayurvedic text there are many other diseases in which Kashtartava is described as a symptom.⁴ According to Ayurveda, aggravation of vata and pitta dosha are the main causes of menstrual diseases.⁶

Dysmenorrhoea may be of two types¹ –

• Primary dysmenorrhoea – This type usually begins within six months of having the first period. There is usually no underlying disease or condition leading to this type of dysmenorrhoea. It lasts less than 72 hours, beginning at the start of the periods and is usually caused due to uterine cramping caused by the action of internal chemicals called prostaglandins during this phase of the menstrual cycle.
• Secondary dysmenorrhoea – This type of dysmenorrhoea is usually caused in women who have had painless periods before. This may be caused by diseases such as fibroids, endometriosis, infections or sexually transmitted diseases. There may be additional features including discharge from the vagina or pain during sexual intercourse.